Maize with a high percentage of translucent of hard endosperm is preferred by the dry milling industry, because it produces more of the popular highquality and highvalue products sought after than does soft maize. The use of heterosis started in 1933 when in the usa. Estimation of combining ability for plant and ear height in maize. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and. Estimation of combining ability and gene action in maize using line. Combining ability of quality protein maize inbred lines for. General and specific combining abilities in a maize zea mays l. Genetic analysis of maturity and flowering characteristics in. Chemical composition of the maize kernel components % carbohydrates 84,0 protein 10,9 fat 4,5 minerals 1,3 table 1. Specific combining ability sca of the hybrids and their interaction with n levels was estimated for each location. The objective of the study was to determine i the level of genetic diversity using ssr molecular markers and phenotypic data in a set of 60 maize inbreds from the breeding program, ii genotype by environment interaction in maize hybrids, iii cultivar superiority, iv combining ability effects, v the relationship between yield and secondary. Subsequently, in rabi 200708 the forty f1 crosses along with standard check and parents were evaluated. Combining ability analysis of early maturing maize zea. According to miranda filho and gorgulho 2001, the term gca refers to the mean performance of each line in cross with the other of the set, and the term sca is interpreted as an effect in the hybrid expression that is additional to the.
Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural. Combining ability of twelve maize populations 69 ance revealed significant differences at 5% level of probability for grain yield, plant height, first ear in sertion, and percent of root lodging table 1. To elucidate the pattern of inheritance and determine the relative magnitude of various genetic effects for maturity and flowering attributes in subtropical maize. We evaluated a 12parent maize diallel cross griffings method 3 and method 4 in three environments to determine i if reciprocal crosses impact gy of crosses and gca and sca effects, ii if reciprocal crosses influence. Genetic analysis of maturity and flowering characteristics. Mohammad moradi department of plant breeding, shoushtar branch, islamic azad university, shoushtar, iran. Information on the gross chemical composition of maize is. Heterosis and combining ability studies in maize zea maysl.
Venkateshwara rao4 1department of genetics and plant breeding, college of agriculture, rajendranagar, hyderabad30. Center of origin mexico, central america earliest plant breeders women important source of human and animal sustenance the miracle of maize is manifested in the thousands. Early testing relies on the assumption that the combining ability of a line with a tester is determined during the early. As maize is one of the best researched and characterised plants, significant amounts of information are available for many aspects of the biology of maize, and the reader is referred to the literature provided in this document as a starting point. Four white grain maize inbred lines from flint group of corn, two with late maturity and. However, general combining ability gca exceeded specific combining ability sca in flint. Combining ability for grain yield and some important. Combining ability and heterosis of maize genotypes under water. Combining ability for yield and maturity traits in elite. The seven inbred lines found promising in earlier studies were used for making crosses in full diallel fashion. Combining ability is an important aspect of hybrid breeding programme.
Nutritional, medicinal and economical importance of corn. Yield and combining ability of maize cultivars under different ecogeographic conditions in a new approach. Original article, report by advances in environmental biology. Combining ability and diallel analysis the concepts of general and specific combining ability were precise ly formalized by sprague and tatum 1942. There have been four principal and several minor theories regarding the origin of maize. Combining ability of inbred lines of maize zea mays l. Data were recorded on plant and ear height characters to determine the nature of combining effects and estimate the components of variance and genetic parameters. Combining ability of inbred lines of maize and stability.
Combining ability for grain yield and some important agronomic traits in maize zea mays l. This study was conducted to select lines with good combining ability and to determine the stability of their respective single crosses in different environments. Pdf combining ability, gene action and heterosis in. General combining ability gca is the average performance of a line in hybrid combination and specific combining ability sca is the deviation of crosses on the basis of. There have been four principal and several minor theories regarding the origin of. Heterosis and combining ability of elite maize inbred. There is a need for locationspecific maize production technologies, especially for lowland winter maize, marginal upland maize production system, and resource poor farmers. The diallel cross has been defined as the group of all possible crosses among several genotypes and has been widely used by researchers to determine combining ability brenner et al. Many procedures have been used by plant breeders to an attempt to.
Combining ability among twenty insect resistant maize. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield. Abstract combining ability and heterosis studies were performed for in vivo and in vitro traits in a diallel crosses without reciprocals involving five maize inbred lines namely, l71, l85, l101. Combining ability and heterosis for yield contributing and quality traits in medium maturing inbred lines of maize zea mays l.
Line x tester analysis provides information about general and specific combining abilities of parents which help in. Combining ability in maize single cross hybrids for grain yield. These 42 crosses along with seven parents and four standard checks were evaluated in a randomized. Rohman plant breeding division, bangladesh agricultural research institute joydebpur, gazipur, bangladesh abstract.
Combining ability for growth parameter and yield components were evaluated in a 7. General combining ability was defined as the average performance of a line in hybrid combinations, while specific. In maize, appreciable percentage of heterosis for yield and combining ability were studied by several workers roy et al. Maize is thought to have originated at least 5000 years ago in the highlands of mexico, peru, ecuador, andor bolivia because of the great density of native forms found in the region. Heterosis and the nature and combining ability was studied in 7. Estimation of heterosis and combining ability in tomato. General combining ability gca is the average performance of a line in hybrid combination and specific combining ability sca is the deviation of crosses on the basis of average performance of the lines involved. L inbred lines in central rift valley of ethiopia mieso keweti 1shengu, dagne wegary gissa 2, habtamu zelleke and lealem tilahun3 1plant science department, college of agriculture and natural resources canrs, dilla university du, p. Combining ability among twenty insect resistant maize inbred lines resistant to chilo partellus and busseola fusca stem borers h.
Combining ability of inbred lines of maize and stability of. A seven parent diallel involving two populations and five gene pools was made. The objective of the present study was undertaken to study the combining ability estimates, combining ability. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its components in. Estimates of general and specific combining ability for. General and specific combining abilities in a maize zea. Reciprocal diallel crosses impact combining ability. Thus, additive gene action for whole plant dry matter yield was shown when two dent populations were crossed. Combining ability of twelve maize populations 69 ance revealed significant differences at 5% level of probability for grain yield, plant height, first ear insertion, and percent of root lodging table 1. Estimation of combining ability and gene action in maize. Tester method under three irrigation regimes m ajid s hams, r ajab c houkan, e slam m ajidi, f arokh d arvish 1 islamic azad university, science and research br anch tehran, iran received.
General combining ability was defined as the average performance of a line in hybrid combinations, while specific combining ability referred to those cases in which certain. Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. In this work, five inbred lines were evaluated as to their general gca and specific sca combining abilities, by using a complete diallel scheme. Nderitub ainternational maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt,nairobi kenya. Combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and quality in maize zea mays l. The results of combining ability analysis revealed significant mean squares due to general and specific combining ability indicating. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for grain yield and its contributing characters in maize genotypes was under taken with ten lines and four testers. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and quality. Combining ability and heterosis for yield and component characters in maize m. Crop science abstract heterosis and combining ability of. The breeding material used in this experiment comprised a set of four white kernel flint maize inbred lines, each developed by manual self pollination for 68 generations having distinct genetic makeup as shown in table 1.
Combining ability, gene action and heterosis for grain yield and yield contributing traits were studied under drought stress at flowering in maize. The concepts of general and specific combining ability were introduced by sprague and tatum 1942. Reciprocal diallel crosses impact combining ability, variance. In this document the terms maize and corn are used to refer to. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its.
Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Maize is thought to have originated at least 5000 years ago in the highlands of mexico, peru, ecuador, and or bolivia because of the great density of native forms found in the region. Multitudes of maize subspecies are identified and classified depending. Yield and combining ability of maize cultivars under.
The exploitation of heterosis is possible only when the. Combining ability of inbred lines of maize and stability of their. Two out of the 4 inbreds were tall in stature with late maturity 100120 days and the other two were dwarf having early maturity 90100 days. The analysis of variance showed there is highly significant variation between the genotypes for all the traits considered. The objectives of the study were to find out the combining ability, the nature and magnitude of gene action and heterosis of quality protein maize inbred lines. Estimation of heterosis and combining ability in maize zea mays l. Introduction many procedures have been used by plant breeders to an attempt to increase the ear weight of maize geadelmann and peterson, 1980.
Combing ability, gene action and heterosis estimation in. Maize, heterosis, combining ability, gene action, yield maize zea mays l. Combining ability and heterosis in maize zea mays l. Combining ability analysis is of special importance in crosspollinated crops like maize as it helps in identifying potential parents that can be used for producing hybrids and synthetics 3.
Due to heterosis, yield tolerance and yield potential in tropical maize hybrids. Genetic modification of maize has been occurring for thousands of years. Combining ability of inbred lines is important information in maize hybrid breeding programs incorporating materials from various germplasm sources. Estimation of combining ability for plant and ear height. Combining ability analysis among sudanese and iita maize germplasm 4200 determining the breeding value of maize germplasm and the appropriate procedures to use in a breeding program. Estimation of heterosis and combining ability in maize zea.
Pdf combining ability in maize lines using a diallel cross. This document provides an overview of baseline biological information relevant to risk. Ear weight, combining ability diallel analysis, maize inbred line. Pdf combining ability, heterosis and genetic diversity. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Drought and heat stress have perceptibly become major maize zea mays l. Combining ability studies were carried out for yield and yield components in 28 single cross maize hybrids produced by crossing eight parents in a diallel fashion excluding reciprocals. The value of specific combining ability variance was more than the general combining ability variance for the two triats,indicating the importance of non additive gene action. The experiment was conducted at institute for agricultural research farms, located at samaru.
Combining ability among twenty insect resistant maize inbred. Combining ability of inbred lines of maize zea mays. Combining ability analysis of early maturing maize zea mays. Combining ability studies provide information on the genetic mechanisms controlling the inheritance of. Combining ability analysis is one of the powerful tools available to estimate the combining ability effects and aids in selecting the desirable parents and crosses for the exploitation of heterosis sarker et al. Estimates of general and specific combining ability for grain. For communities that rely heavily on maize as the main staple, development of maize cultivars with enhanced levels of two essential amino acids such as lysine and tryptophan are a must. Combining ability, heterosis and genetic diversity in tropical maize zea mays l.
Heterosis and combining ability studies in maize zea mays l. Combining ability studies in newly developed inbred lines in maize zea mays l. The hybrids along with parents and check were evaluated during rabi, 200708. Combining ability has been used in maize to detect good combiners for many agronomic traits including. Development of quality protein maize qpm helps to reduce human malnutrition in areas where maize is the major protein source in the diet. Environmental issues corn distribution physiological aspects crop yields measurement research.
Selection of maize topcrosses for different nitrogen levels through. Pdf combining ability and heterosis in maize zea mays l. Combining ability for yield and maturity traits in elite inbred lines of maize zea mays l. Test cross performance and combining ability of newly introduced. The present study was conducted to assess the general combining ability effects of parents and specific combining ability effects of hybrids for yield and yield related traits and explore their use in hybrid development. During kharif season in 2007 the ten inbred lines were crossed with four testers in line. Assessment of maize germplasm lines for genetic diversity. The objective of this study was to determine combining ability and heterosis of 18 elite maize inbred lines in environments prone to northern corn leaf blight nclb disease in the midaltitude tropics. The parents and 21 crosses were evaluated in 17 temperate and 5 subtropical environments during 19851986.
This study was conducted to determine the heterosis and combining ability among cimmyts subtropical and temperate earlymaturity maize germplasm. Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out in 8. Combining ability analysis among sudanese and iita maize. Combining ability and heterosis for yield and component. In this location, the averages for the different traits were numerically superior when compared to those of. Combining ability of inbred lines of maize and stability of their respective singlecrosses.